Trading Partner Portal: Estonia
Overview
Trade Overview
Estonia is a country in northern Europe with a population of 1.37 million, which makes it one of the least-populous member states of the European Union. Estonia is a developed country with an advanced high-income economy that has been among the fastest growing in the EU. GDP in 2024 came to a total of $42.76 billion. Estonia has been involved in an active trilateral Baltic States cooperation with Latvia and Lithuania, as well as a Nordic-Baltic cooperation with the Nordic countries and is a member of the Nordic-Baltic Eight.
U.S. – Estonia Trade
Two-way goods trade between the U.S. and Estonia totaled $1.42 billion in 2025, with the U.S. exporting $396 million to Estonia. Top exports included computer and electronic products ($92 million), transportation equipment ($58 million), non-electrical machinery ($53 million), fabricated metal products 9$44 million), and miscellaneous manufactures ($29 million).
The U.S. imported $1.02 billion worth of products from Estonia in 2025. Top imports were computer and electronic products ($477 million), wood products ($110 million), electrical equipment, appliances and components ($82 million), non-electrical machinery ($82 million), and chemicals ($68 million). U.S. Department of Commerce
Services trade between Estonia and the U.S. totaled $438 million, with exports totaling $233 million. Top exports were travel, financial services, telecommunications, computer, & information services, other business services, and personal, cultural and recreational services.
Imports in services from Estonia to the U.S. totaled $205 million, with top imports being travel, telecommunications, computer, &information services, other business services, government goods and services not reported elsewhere, and charges for intellectual property use.
California – Estonia Trade
California exports to Estonia totaled $72 million in 2025, with California being the top U.S. state to export to Estonia. Computer and electronic products were the top export, making up $27 million of the total. This was followed by non-electrical machinery ($26 million), agricultural products ($10 million), chemicals ($2 million), and miscellaneous manufactures ($2 million).
California imported $34 million of products from Estonia in 2025, a 19% increase from the previous year. Top imports included computer and electronic products ($7 million), transportation equipment ($6 million), wood products ($6 million), processed foods ($4 million), and non-electrical machinery ($3 million). U.S. Department of Commerce
FDI – Estonia
U.S. foreign direct investment into Estonia totaled -$49 million in 2024, a nearly 190% decrease from the prior year (Bureau of Economic Analysis).
Trade Agreements / Initiatives
Trade Agreements / Initiatives
Three Seas Initiative (3SI)
The Three Seas Initiative (3SI), getting its name from the three seas that border the region, was launched in 2015 by Croatian President Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović and Polish President Andrzej Duda to promote interconnectivity on energy, infrastructure, and digitization projects in Central and Eastern Europe. The region has a total population of 10 million and a combined GDP of about $1.7 trillion, and has emerged as a significant driver of European economic growth. (Atlantic Council)
The U.S. has committed up to $1 billion to the 3SI, adding momentum to the project and its investment fund, helping to attract international private capital to the region. The initiative has been endorsed diplomatically by the United States, Germany, and the European Union, among others.
Currently, the Three Seas Initiative (3SI) includes:
- 13 participating states (only EU members): Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Greece, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Hungary.
- 6 strategic partners – 2022: the United States, Germany, and the European Commission; 2024: Japan; 2025: Turkey and Spain.
- 4 associated participating states – 2023: Ukraine and Moldova; 2025: Albania and Montenegro.