Trading Partner Portal: Poland
Overview
Trade Overview
Poland is a high-income country east of Germany in Central Europe. It has a population of nearly 36.69 million people with a total gross domestic product (GDP) of $811.23 billion in 2023. Poland is also a member of the European Union (EU) and was the only member of the EU to escape recession in wake of the 2008 global economic crisis. Poland has expanded policies to support economic liberalization and has benefited from strong service and industry sectors. World Bank, CIA
U.S. – Poland Trade
The United States and Poland have a beneficial trade relationship. The United States exported $11.02 billion worth of goods to Poland in 2023, up significantly from $5.8 billion in 2021 likely due to Poland’s role in the ongoing war in Ukraine. $3.07 billion of those exports were transportation equipment. The U.S. also exported $1.81 billion of oil and gas, then followed by computer and electronic products, non-electrical machinery, and chemicals. U.S. Department of Commerce
Imports from Poland to the U.S. totaled $13.17 billion in 2023. Approximately $2.32 billion of the imports were categorized as transportation equipment. Other top imports from the U.S. to Poland were non-electrical machinery ($1.96 billion), computer and electronic products ($1.79 billion), electrical equipment, appliances & components ($1.69 billion), and processed foods ($857 million). Imports and exports to and from Poland have been steadily increasing since 2009.
Poland- California Trade
In the United States, California is one of the largest exporters of goods to Poland. California exported $435 million of goods to Poland in 2023, $119 million of which was computer and electronic products. Transportation equipment was another leading export totaling $92 million, followed by agricultural products with a value of roughly $35 million. Other top categories included miscellaneous manufactures ($29 million) and fabricated metals products ($28 million).
California is also one of the largest importers of Polish goods in the United States. In 2023, the California imported $525 million worth of goods from Poland. The largest import was computer and electronic products accounting for $117 million. Followed by processed foods ($69 million), non-electrical machinery ($49 million), transportation equipment ($41 million), and furniture and fixtures ($41 million). U.S. Department of Commerce
FDI – Poland
According to a White House Fact Sheet in July 2016, “more than 200,000 Poles are employed directly by U.S. companies, and U.S. firms are some of the largest sources of foreign direct investment in Poland, having invested more than $30 billion in the country.” In 2023, the United States had $15.8 billion of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Poland (BEA). Polish FDI into the U.S. was $498 million, with Polish FDI supporting 1,200 jobs in the U.S, $53.7 billion going to innovative research and development, $243.6 billion going to expand U.S. exports. The top industry sectors for Polish FDI in the U.S. are software and IT services, communications, industrial equipment, business services, ceramics and glass, and consumer products. (Select USA)
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U.S. Relations With Poland
U.S. Department of State, January 20, 2021
Trade Agreements
Trade Agreements and Issues
Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP)
Poland is one of the nations that is currently involved in negotiations for the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) with the rest of the European Union and the United States. The United States and the European Union have a strong bilateral trade relationship totaling $698.7 billion in 2015. A free trade agreement, such as TTIP, desires to strengthen that relationship by eliminating tariffs, aligning compatible regulations to open trade, and furthering trade in the service sector.
Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership
USTR Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership
Three Seas Initiative (3SI)
The Three Seas Initiative (3SI), getting its name from the three seas that border the region, was launched in 2015 by Croatian President Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović and Polish President Andrzej Duda to promote interconnectivity on energy, infrastructure, and digitization projects in Central and Eastern Europe. There are 12 EU member states that are part of the initiative: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia. The main goal of the venture is to create a “north-south” energy and infrastructure corridor in the region. The region has a total population of 10 million and a combined GDP of about $1.7 trillion, and has emerged as a significant driver of European economic growth. (Atlantic Council)
The U.S. has committed up to $1 billion to the 3SI, adding momentum to the project and its investment fund, helping to attract international private capital to the region. The initiative has been endorsed diplomatically by the United States, Germany, and the European Union, among others.
Pompeo Pledges $1 Billion in US Support for European Energy Initiative
The Hill, February 15, 2020
Events
Events
CalChamber International Forum on the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership
On May 27, 2015, the California Chamber of Commerce held an International Forum on the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership and the Transpacific Partnership with speakers including members of the United States Chamber of Commerce, representatives from five American Chambers of Commerce from abroad, and two ambassadors. Also in attendance was a delegation totaling 25 members of the AmCham community representing Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, Estonia, France, Greece, Ireland, Israel, Kosovo, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, and Turkey.